A TV component input is a video connection that receives a signal split into separate channels, typically three analog signals (Y, Pb, and Pr) for better picture quality than single-channel connections like composite video.
Understanding Component Video
Based on its definition, component video is a video signal that has been split into two or more component channels. This means instead of combining all the video information into a single feed, it separates key parts of the signal for transmission.
In popular use, especially when referring to inputs found on televisions and other video equipment, it refers to a type of component analog video (CAV) information that is transmitted or stored as three separate signals. This three-signal format is the most common type you'll encounter.
The Three Signals: YPbPr
The standard component video input for consumer electronics uses three distinct analog signals carried over separate cables:
- Y: Carries the luma (brightness) information, including synchronization pulses.
- Pb: Carries the difference between the blue color component and the luma (Blue minus Luma, or B-Y).
- Pr: Carries the difference between the red color component and the luma (Red minus Luma, or R-Y).
By separating the brightness (Y) from the color information (Pb and Pr), component video reduces the chances of interference between them. This separation allows for a sharper image with more accurate color reproduction compared to connections that combine these signals, like composite video.
Component Input on Your TV
On a physical television or video source device (like a DVD player or game console), component inputs are typically implemented using three RCA connectors. These connectors are usually color-coded to help you connect the cables correctly:
- Green for the Y signal.
- Blue for the Pb signal.
- Red for the Pr signal.
These video inputs are often located near corresponding red and white RCA connectors used for stereo audio signals, but component input specifically refers to the video connection only.
Why Use Component Input?
Prior to the widespread adoption of digital interfaces like HDMI, component video was a preferred analog connection method because it offered superior picture quality compared to older standards such as composite video and S-Video. It supported higher resolutions and reduced artifacts caused by signal mixing.
Analog Technology
As highlighted in its common definition, component video typically refers to component analog video (CAV). This means the signal is in an analog format, which can be susceptible to some level of signal degradation or noise, especially over longer cable runs. Modern connections like HDMI transmit digital signals, which are generally immune to this type of analog degradation.
Component input remains relevant for connecting legacy devices like older game consoles (e.g., PlayStation 2, original Xbox, Nintendo Wii), DVD players, and some VCRs to modern televisions that still feature this type of input.
| Signal | Connector Color | Information Transmitted |
|---|---|---|
| Y | Green | Luminance (Brightness) |
| Pb | Blue | Blue Color Difference (B-Y) |
| Pr | Red | Red Color Difference (R-Y) |
