Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is primarily caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), specifically types 1 and 2.
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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1): This is the most common cause of HSE in children (beyond the neonatal period) and adults. In fact, HSV-1 is considered the most frequent cause of sporadic encephalitis globally.
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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2): HSV-2 more often causes encephalitis in neonates and individuals who are immunocompromised.
In summary, HSE results from infection with either HSV-1 or HSV-2, with the specific type varying based on the patient's age and immune status.
