Many viruses can attack the nervous system. Some viruses, like rabies, polioviruses, and arthropod-borne viruses, specifically target neurons. Others, such as herpes simplex virus, can infect both neurons and glial cells.
Here are some examples of viruses that can affect the nervous system:
- Rabies is a virus that is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals. It travels to the brain and spinal cord, causing inflammation and ultimately death.
- Polioviruses attack motor neurons, causing paralysis.
- Arthropod-borne viruses, such as West Nile Virus and Zika Virus, can cause encephalitis, a serious inflammation of the brain.
- Herpes simplex virus can cause a range of neurological problems, including encephalitis and meningitis.
Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare neurological disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the nerves, causing muscle weakness and paralysis. It is often triggered by a viral infection, including influenza virus.
Canine distemper is a viral disease that affects dogs. It can cause neurological problems, including seizures, tremors, and paralysis.
Viruses can enter the nervous system through various pathways, including along nerves, from the blood, and from the nose and mouth.
