Yes, viruses do have a taxonomy.
Viral Classification
The classification of viruses is complex and dynamic, but it follows a hierarchical system similar to that used for cellular organisms, although with some key differences. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is responsible for developing and maintaining this system.
Hierarchical Structure of Viral Taxonomy
Viral taxonomy arranges viruses into various levels of classification. Although not always strictly applied, these levels typically include:
- Order: This is the broadest classification level. As of 2015, the universal system recognized seven orders.
- Example: Picornavirales, Herpesvirales, Mononegavirales, and Nidovirales (which contain human and animal pathogens) are among the orders.
- Family: Orders are divided into families.
- Example: There were 78 families of viruses, with 27 containing human and/or animal pathogens, as of 2015.
- Genus: Families are further divided into genera.
- Example: 348 genera of viruses were identified as of 2015.
- Species: This is the most specific level.
- Example: There were 2285 species of viruses identified as of 2015.
Why is Viral Taxonomy Important?
- Understanding Diversity: It helps scientists understand the vast diversity of viruses, which is essential for studying their evolution and ecology.
- Identifying Pathogens: Taxonomy helps in the identification of new and emerging viruses, including those that cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants.
- Developing Treatments and Prevention: Knowing a virus’s classification can aid in the development of vaccines and antiviral therapies.
- Communication: It provides a common system for communicating about viruses between researchers around the world.
Summary Table
| Taxonomic Rank | Number of Groups (as of 2015) |
|---|---|
| Orders | 7 |
| Families | 78 |
| Genera | 348 |
| Species | 2285 |
