Several viruses can cause anaemia, particularly aplastic anaemia, a condition where the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells.
The viruses most commonly associated with anaemia include:
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Parvovirus B19: This is perhaps the most well-known viral cause of anaemia, especially in children. It primarily affects red blood cell production.
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Hepatitis viruses: Hepatitis A, B, and C viruses have all been linked to aplastic anaemia in some cases.
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV): EBV, which causes mononucleosis, can also lead to anaemia in rare instances.
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV): CMV is another herpesvirus that can suppress bone marrow function and result in anaemia, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): HIV can indirectly cause anaemia by affecting bone marrow function or through opportunistic infections.
The mechanisms by which these viruses cause anaemia vary. Some viruses directly infect and damage bone marrow cells, while others trigger an immune response that attacks the bone marrow. This leads to a reduction in the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
It is important to note that while these viruses are associated with anaemia, they are not the only causes. Genetic factors, autoimmune diseases, exposure to toxins, and certain medications can also contribute to anaemia.
