The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the primary virus that attacks CD4 cells.
HIV specifically targets and infects CD4 cells, which are a type of white blood cell also known as T-helper cells. These cells are crucial for the immune system's ability to fight off infections. Here's a breakdown of how HIV attacks these cells:
- Targeting: HIV recognizes and binds to the CD4 receptor on the surface of these cells.
- Entry: After binding, HIV enters the CD4 cell.
- Replication: Once inside, HIV uses the cell's machinery to create copies of itself.
- Destruction: This replication process ultimately leads to the destruction of the CD4 cell.
- Spread: The newly created HIV particles then go on to infect other CD4 cells, continuing the cycle.
The depletion of CD4 cells weakens the immune system, making individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers. This advanced stage of HIV infection is known as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
In summary, HIV's attack on CD4 cells is the hallmark of the disease, leading to immune deficiency and increased vulnerability to various illnesses.
