Explicit vocabulary refers to words that are taught directly and intentionally, rather than being learned indirectly through context or exposure alone. This method is particularly useful for mastering words that are challenging or represent complex ideas.
Understanding Explicit Vocabulary
Unlike words we pick up naturally through reading or conversation, explicit vocabulary is the focus of dedicated instruction. According to Beck et al (2002), explicit vocabulary instruction helps students learn difficult words, such as words that represent complex concepts that are not part of the students' everyday experiences.
This means that "explicit vocabulary" often includes:
- Words for abstract concepts (e.g., integrity, democracy)
- Technical terms specific to a subject (e.g., photosynthesis, equation)
- Words that describe nuanced emotions or states (e.g., melancholy, jubilant)
These are words that learners might not encounter frequently or understand fully without specific teaching.
How Explicit Vocabulary is Taught
Explicit vocabulary instruction typically involves methods such as:
- Defining the word clearly
- Providing examples of how the word is used in different contexts
- Exploring synonyms and antonyms
- Analyzing word parts (roots, prefixes, suffixes)
- Engaging in activities like sentence writing, discussions, or games that require using the target words
This direct approach ensures learners develop a deep understanding of the word's meaning and how to use it correctly.
Why is Explicit Vocabulary Important?
While much vocabulary is acquired indirectly, explicitly teaching certain words is crucial for:
- Comprehension: Understanding complex texts requires knowing the specific terminology used.
- Communication: Using precise language allows for clearer expression of ideas.
- Academic Success: Many academic subjects rely on a specialized vocabulary.
- Learning Difficult Concepts: As the reference notes, explicit instruction helps with words tied to concepts outside everyday experience.
Consider the difference in learning these words:
| Vocabulary Type | How it's Often Learned | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Implicit Vocabulary | Through reading, listening, and context | house, go, big |
| Explicit Vocabulary | Through direct teaching and focused activities | photosynthesis, mitigation, ephemeral |
Focusing on explicit vocabulary instruction fills the gaps left by indirect learning, equipping learners with the words they need to navigate more challenging academic and professional environments.
