Various physical, chemical, and electrical processes are used to remove total dissolved solids (TDS) from wastewater.
According to existing methods, the removal of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) from wastewater can be achieved through a range of technologies (6). These methods are primarily focused on separating the dissolved inorganic salts and small organic molecules from the water.
Methods for TDS Removal
The currently existing methods identified for the removal of TDS include:
| Method | Principle of Removal |
|---|---|
| Desalination | Processes like reverse osmosis or distillation that separate water from salts. |
| Ion Exchange | Swapping unwanted dissolved ions for others using specialized resins. |
| Adsorption | Attaching dissolved substances onto the surface of a porous material. |
| Extraction | Transferring dissolved substances from water into another phase. |
| Forward Osmosis | Using a semi-permeable membrane and osmotic pressure difference. |
| Electro-chemical removal | Utilizing electrical energy to drive removal processes. |
| Electro-coagulation | Using electrical current to destabilize and aggregate dissolved particles. |
| Electrodialysis | Separating ions from water using electric fields and selective membranes. |
| Electrolysis | Using electric current to induce chemical reactions that remove substances. |
These technologies offer different approaches to tackling the challenge of high TDS levels in wastewater, which can be crucial for water reuse and environmental protection.
