Charcoal, specifically activated charcoal, filters water through a process called adsorption.
Understanding Activated Charcoal
Activated charcoal is not the same as the charcoal you might use in a barbeque. It has been specially treated to increase its surface area, making it very porous. This significantly boosts its ability to bind with impurities in water.
The Process of Adsorption
Unlike absorption where a substance is taken into another (like a sponge soaking up water), adsorption involves molecules clinging to a surface. In the case of water filtration, impurities in the water, such as chlorine and organic compounds, chemically bind to the vast surface area of the activated charcoal.
How it Works in Practice
- Water Entry: Contaminated water passes through the filter, which is packed with activated charcoal.
- Binding of Impurities: As the water flows, the impurities in it are attracted to and adhere to the surface of the charcoal through adsorption.
- Purified Water Exit: The filtered water, now largely free of these contaminants, exits the filter.
Benefits of Charcoal Filtration
- Removes Chlorine: Activated charcoal is effective at removing chlorine, improving the taste and odor of water.
- Eliminates Organic Compounds: It also removes many organic contaminants such as pesticides and herbicides.
- Cost-Effective: Charcoal filters are relatively inexpensive and readily available.
Important Considerations
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Filter Type | Activated charcoal is the key component in water filters. |
| Method | Works via adsorption – binding impurities to its surface. |
| Maintenance | Filters need replacement regularly because the charcoal eventually becomes saturated with impurities and loses its efficiency. |
In summary, activated charcoal filters water through the process of adsorption, where impurities chemically bind to its surface, leaving cleaner water behind.
