A float switch on a water level sensor works by using a buoyant float that rises and falls with the water level, triggering a switch to open or close an electrical circuit.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
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The Float: A key component is the float, made of a material less dense than water (e.g., plastic or cork), allowing it to float on the water's surface.
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Mechanical Linkage: The float is mechanically linked to a switch. This linkage can be a simple hinge, a lever arm, or a more complex mechanism. The linkage translates the vertical movement of the float into the action of the switch.
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Switch Activation: As the water level rises, the float rises with it. The mechanical linkage causes the switch to change its state. This change can either close an electrical circuit (completing the circuit, turning something on) or open an electrical circuit (breaking the circuit, turning something off).
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Types of Switching Action:
- Normally Open (NO): The circuit is open (off) until the water level rises and the float closes the circuit (on). Used for applications like turning on a pump when water reaches a high level.
- Normally Closed (NC): The circuit is closed (on) until the water level rises and the float opens the circuit (off). Used for applications like turning off a pump when water reaches a high level.
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Mounting: Float switches can be mounted internally (inside a tank) or externally. Side-mounted float switches are common, where the float is hinged and pivots as the water level changes. Vertically mounted switches often use a float that slides up and down a rod.
In summary, the float switch acts as a simple mechanical interface that senses the water level and translates it into an electrical signal (on/off) based on the position of the float. This signal can then be used to control pumps, alarms, or other devices.
