Your submersible water pump likely isn't holding pressure due to several potential issues, including problems with the pump itself, leaks in the system, or issues with the pressure tank. Let's break down the common causes:
Potential Causes of Low Pressure in a Submersible Pump System
Here's a breakdown of possible reasons why your submersible water pump isn't holding pressure:
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Pump Needs Priming/Water Loss: Submersible pumps shouldn't require priming in the traditional sense because they're designed to be submerged. However, if the pump has been recently installed, or if there's been a significant loss of water in the well, the pump might need to be allowed to fully submerge before operating. Air trapped around the pump impeller can prevent it from building pressure.
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Leaks in the System: This is a very common cause. Leaks can occur anywhere in the piping between the pump and your house.
- Pipes: Check all above-ground pipe connections and look for signs of leaks or damage.
- Well Casing: A leak in the well casing below the water line is harder to detect but can significantly reduce pressure.
- Fittings: Examine all fittings and connections for drips or signs of water damage.
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Faulty Check Valve: A check valve, usually located close to the pump, prevents water from flowing back down into the well when the pump shuts off. If this valve is faulty, water will drain back, reducing pressure.
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Broken Mechanical Seal: A damaged mechanical seal within the pump itself can cause water to leak out, preventing the pump from building and maintaining pressure.
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Problem with the Pressure Tank: The pressure tank stores water under pressure, providing a buffer so the pump doesn't have to cycle on and off constantly. Issues with the tank can lead to pressure problems:
- Waterlogged Tank: If the tank is full of water and has lost its air charge, it won't be able to maintain pressure effectively.
- Bladder Issues: Some pressure tanks have a bladder that separates the water and air. A ruptured bladder can cause the tank to become waterlogged.
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Clogged or Damaged Impeller: The impeller is the rotating part of the pump that moves the water. Debris or damage to the impeller can reduce the pump's efficiency and its ability to build pressure.
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Pump is Failing or Undersized: If the pump is old or starting to fail, it may not be able to generate enough pressure. Also, if the pump is undersized for your home's water demand, it may struggle to maintain adequate pressure.
Troubleshooting Steps
Here are some steps you can take to diagnose the problem:
- Inspect Visible Piping: Carefully examine all accessible pipes and fittings for leaks.
- Check the Pressure Tank: Tap on the side of the tank. If it sounds solid and full of water from top to bottom, it may be waterlogged. Use a tire pressure gauge to check the air pressure at the Schrader valve (usually located at the top of the tank, covered by a cap). The pressure should be a few PSI below the pump's cut-in pressure (the pressure at which the pump turns on). For example, if the cut-in pressure is 40 PSI, the air pressure in the tank should be around 38 PSI.
- Leak Test: If you suspect a leak, pressurize the pump system and carefully spray soapy water on all connections, fittings, and the pump housing. Bubbles will indicate the location of leaks. Safety Note: Disconnect power to the pump before using water near electrical components.
- Well Inspection (If Accessible): If possible and safe, visually inspect the well casing for any signs of damage or leaks. However, it's best to hire a professional for well inspections due to safety concerns.
- Consult a Professional: If you are unable to diagnose or fix the problem yourself, it is best to call a qualified well pump technician.
In conclusion, low pressure in your submersible pump system could stem from leaks, a faulty check valve, a malfunctioning pressure tank, impeller issues, or a failing pump. A systematic approach to troubleshooting, starting with simple checks and progressing to more complex diagnoses, can help pinpoint the cause.
