To effectively treat water using boiling, the standard recommendation is a full rolling boil for one minute.
This duration and temperature are crucial because, as stated in the reference, maintaining a rolling boil ensures that an effective pasteurization temperature is reached. This temperature is sufficient to kill or inactivate waterborne pathogens, making the water safer to drink.
Recommended Boiling Procedure
The process is straightforward but requires attention to ensure effectiveness:
- Bring water to a full rolling boil: This means the water is bubbling vigorously and the bubbles do not stop when stirred.
- Maintain the rolling boil for ONE MINUTE: This is the standard duration recommended for disinfection.
- Cool before use: Allow the water to cool down naturally before drinking or using it.
Why One Minute at a Rolling Boil?
Boiling water is a highly effective method for water purification, primarily targeting harmful microorganisms. The one-minute rolling boil standard is based on the time needed at boiling temperature (approximately 212°F or 100°C at sea level) to neutralize common waterborne threats.
- Kills Pathogens: The heat effectively kills or inactivates bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause diseases like giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, cholera, and typhoid.
- Ensures Temperature: A full rolling boil is a visual indicator that the water has reached the necessary temperature consistently throughout the volume.
Factors to Consider
While one minute is the general standard, in very high altitudes (above 6,562 feet or 2,000 meters), water boils at a lower temperature. Some guidelines suggest boiling for up to three minutes at these altitudes to compensate for the lower boiling point and ensure effective pathogen inactivation. However, the provided reference specifies ONE MINUTE at a rolling boil without mentioning altitude adjustments. Based solely on the provided reference, the answer is one minute.
Summary Table
| Action | Duration | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Full Rolling Boil | ONE MINUTE | Kill or inactivate waterborne pathogens |
| Cool | Before Use | Safe handling and consumption |
Using boiling to treat water is a reliable method, especially in emergencies or when the safety of the water source is questionable. Always ensure the water reaches and maintains a full rolling boil for the recommended ONE MINUTE before cooling and using.
