You pressurize water primarily by using a pump to increase its pressure within a closed system.
Here's a breakdown of how this is achieved:
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Pumps: The most common method involves using various types of pumps, such as:
- Pressure Booster Pumps: These electric pumps are installed in the water supply line to increase the incoming water pressure. They effectively "turbo-charge" the pressure, raising it to the desired level. Prices for these pumps can range from around $100 to over $700 depending on size and features.
- Well Pumps: Used to draw water from a well and deliver it under pressure to a home or building.
- Submersible Pumps: These pumps are submerged directly in the water source and pump it upwards.
- Jet Pumps: These pumps use a jet of water to create a vacuum, which draws water into the pump.
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Pressurized Tanks: In many residential settings, a pressure tank is used in conjunction with a pump. The pump fills the tank, compressing air within it. This compressed air then exerts pressure on the water, allowing it to be delivered at a consistent pressure even when the pump isn't actively running. This reduces pump cycling and extends its lifespan.
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Increasing Head Pressure (Gravity): While not "pressurizing" in the active sense, raising a water reservoir to a higher elevation increases the static pressure (head pressure) at lower points due to gravity. The higher the water column, the greater the pressure at the bottom.
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Closed Systems: Pressurization typically occurs within a closed system of pipes and tanks. This allows the pump to increase the pressure without water simply flowing out and negating the effect.
Therefore, while gravity can create water pressure due to height, the most common method of actively pressurizing water in a modern system is through the use of an electric pump in conjunction with a pressure tank.
