Deep wells work by digging or driving pipes into the ground until they reach the water table within an aquifer, and then using a pump to bring the water to the surface.
The process of creating and operating a deep well involves several key steps to access groundwater stored in subterranean layers called aquifers. Unlike shallow wells that tap water close to the surface, deep wells can reach water tables much further down, accessing larger and often more reliable sources of water.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
- Pipe Installation: Pipes are either driven into the ground using machinery or inserted by hand. This initial phase involves forcing a casing down through the soil and rock layers.
- Reaching the Water Table: The installation continues until the pipe reaches the water table. This is the upper level of the saturated zone where groundwater fills the spaces between soil particles or rock fractures.
- Well Development: Once the desired depth is reached, all the dirt is washed from inside the pipe. This crucial step, known as well development, clears out fine sediment and debris that may have entered the pipe during installation, allowing water to flow freely into the well.
- Pump Installation: After the well is developed, a pump is then installed to draw water from the aquifers. This pump, typically submerged at a certain depth or located at the surface, lifts the water up through the pipe to where it can be used.
Well Depths
The depth of a deep well can vary significantly depending on the method used and the local geology:
- Hand-driven wells are typically about 30 feet deep.
- Wells driven by machine can reach depths of 50 feet or more.
These depths are sufficient to reach water tables in many areas, providing access to groundwater for various purposes, including drinking water, irrigation, and industrial use.
By following these steps, a connection is established between the surface and the underground aquifer, allowing for the extraction of groundwater using mechanical pumping systems.
