Watercolor paper is specifically formulated to handle water and pigments without degrading, primarily due to the materials used in its composition.
Watercolor paper is primarily defined by the fibers used in its production, which allow it to absorb and retain water and pigment effectively without buckling excessively or falling apart.
Core Materials
The quality and performance of watercolor paper are largely determined by the type of fibers it contains:
- Cotton Fibers: Artist-grade watercolor paper tends to be made with cotton fibers. This is where the term “rag paper” originated, referring to paper made from cotton rags. Cotton fibers are naturally strong, flexible, and highly absorbent, making the paper more pliable and able to take more water abuse. This strength allows the paper to withstand repeated washes and scrubbing techniques common in watercolor painting.
- Wood Pulp: Cheaper watercolor papers tend to be made of a mixture of wood pulp or a mixture of wood pulp and cotton fibers. Wood pulp fibers are less absorbent and strong than cotton, leading to papers that may warp more easily, handle fewer washes, and potentially yellow over time compared to high-quality cotton paper.
Paper Grades and Composition
The ratio and type of fibers directly impact the paper's grade and price:
- Artist-Grade Paper: Typically 100% cotton. Offers superior durability, absorbency, and longevity.
- Student-Grade/Cheaper Paper: Often contains wood pulp, sometimes mixed with a percentage of cotton. More affordable but less robust and durable.
In summary, what makes watercolor paper suitable for the medium is its fiber composition, primarily cotton or a blend including wood pulp, which dictates its ability to handle significant amounts of water and pigment.
