Your well pump is likely still running because of an issue within your well system preventing it from reaching the necessary pressure to shut off. The most common cause of this scenario is holes in the drop pipe coming up from the well.
Such holes allow water to escape outside of the well system, preventing sufficient pressure from building up in the pressure tank. While a certain proportion of the water will still make it into the pressure tank, it won't be enough to cause the pump to shut down, leading to continuous operation (22-May-2018).
This constant running can lead to increased energy bills and premature pump wear. Understanding the various reasons why your well pump might not turn off is crucial for effective troubleshooting and timely repairs.
Beyond the primary issue of a damaged drop pipe, several other factors can cause your well pump to run continuously:
1. Leaks in the Water System
Any leak in your plumbing system can cause a continuous drop in pressure, prompting the pump to keep running to compensate.
- Toilet Leaks: A common culprit is a constantly running or slowly leaking toilet, often due to a faulty flapper valve.
- Faucet Leaks: Even small, persistent drips from faucets can contribute.
- Underground Leaks: Leaks in buried water lines from the house to the well, or irrigation lines, can be significant but harder to detect.
- Water Heater Leaks: A leaking hot water heater can also keep the pump running.
2. Pressure Switch Issues
The pressure switch is responsible for detecting the water pressure in your system and telling the pump when to turn on and off.
- Malfunctioning Switch: The switch itself might be faulty, stuck in the "on" position, or have dirty contacts preventing it from reading pressure correctly.
- Improper Settings: The cut-in and cut-out pressure settings might be incorrect, or the pump might not be able to reach the cut-out pressure due to other system issues.
3. Waterlogged Pressure Tank
A pressure tank should contain both water and a cushion of air. If the air charge is lost or the tank becomes "waterlogged" (full of water with no air cushion), it cannot effectively store pressure.
- No Air Cushion: Without an air cushion, the pump will short-cycle or run constantly because there's no pressure buffer.
- Damaged Bladder: Many modern tanks have an internal bladder. If this bladder ruptures, the tank loses its air charge.
4. Low Well Water Level
If the water level in your well drops significantly, the pump may struggle to draw enough water to build pressure.
- Drought Conditions: Extended dry periods can lower the water table.
- Over-Pumping: Excessive water usage can temporarily deplete the well.
- Pump Suction Issues: The pump may be sucking air if the water level is too low.
5. Pump Malfunction
Sometimes, the issue lies with the pump itself.
- Worn Impellers: Impellers are the rotating components that move water. If they are worn out, the pump's efficiency decreases, and it may not be able to build sufficient pressure.
- Motor Issues: While less common for continuous running without any water delivery, a failing motor could theoretically contribute.
Troubleshooting Steps for a Continuously Running Well Pump
Before calling a professional, you can perform some basic checks:
- Check for Visible Leaks:
- Inspect all faucets, toilets, showers, and water-using appliances.
- Listen for running water in toilets when they haven't been flushed.
- Check for damp spots in your yard that might indicate an underground leak.
- Examine your water heater for drips or puddles.
- Isolate Sections of Your Plumbing:
- Turn off the main water supply to your house at the shut-off valve after the pressure tank. If the pump stops, the leak is likely inside your home.
- If the pump continues to run, the issue is probably between the well and the pressure tank, or with the well components themselves (like the drop pipe).
- Inspect the Pressure Switch:
- Safely turn off power to the pump at the circuit breaker.
- Carefully remove the cover of the pressure switch.
- Check for visible corrosion, insect nests, or debris on the contacts. Clean gently if necessary.
- Ensure the small tube connecting the switch to the water line is clear and not clogged.
- Check Pressure Tank Air Charge:
- Turn off power to the pump.
- Drain some water from a nearby faucet until the pressure tank is empty (or close to it).
- Check the Schrader valve (like a tire valve) on top of the pressure tank with a pressure gauge. The pressure should be 2 PSI below your pump's cut-in pressure.
- If water comes out when you press the Schrader valve, the bladder is likely ruptured, and the tank needs replacement.
- Monitor Well Water Level (if possible):
- If you've had prolonged drought or heavy water use, consider if the well might be low. This often requires professional assessment.
When to Call a Professional
While basic troubleshooting can help identify common issues, some problems require expert intervention:
- Suspected Holes in the Drop Pipe: This is a complex repair that involves pulling the pump and piping from the well, which requires specialized equipment and expertise.
- Deep Well Pump Issues: If the pump itself is malfunctioning within a deep well, removal and repair or replacement are jobs for professionals.
- Underground Leaks: Locating and repairing buried water lines requires specific tools and excavation.
- Persistent Pressure Switch Problems: If cleaning doesn't resolve it, or you're unsure about handling electrical components, call a qualified well technician or plumber.
- Low Well Yield: If your well simply isn't producing enough water, you might need well rehabilitation or even a new well, which are specialized services.
Addressing a continuously running well pump promptly can save you money, preserve your pump's lifespan, and ensure a reliable water supply for your home.
