In simple terms, toe tracking, often referred to just as toe, is a fundamental aspect of wheel alignment in automotive engineering. It describes the angle at which your vehicle's wheels point inward or outward when viewed from above.
Based on the provided reference in automotive engineering, toe, also known as tracking, is:
the symmetric angle that each wheel makes with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, as a function of static geometry, and kinematic and compliant effects.
This definition highlights several key components:
- Symmetric Angle: Toe is typically set symmetrically for the wheels on a given axle (front or rear). This means both wheels on the axle are angled inward or outward by the same amount relative to the vehicle's center line.
- Longitudinal Axis: This is the imaginary line running straight from the front to the back of the vehicle. The toe angle is measured relative to this axis.
- Static Geometry: This refers to the inherent design and fixed angles built into the suspension system when the vehicle is stationary.
- Kinematic Effects: These are the changes in toe angle that occur as the suspension moves through its range of motion, such as during cornering, acceleration, or braking.
- Compliant Effects: These are the changes in toe angle caused by the flexing or deflection of suspension components, bushings, and tires under load while the vehicle is in motion.
Toe angle is a critical part of suspension geometry that affects vehicle handling, tire wear, and stability.
Understanding Toe Angles
There are two primary types of toe:
- Toe-In: The front edges of the wheels point slightly inward towards the vehicle's centerline.
- Toe-Out: The front edges of the wheels point slightly outward away from the vehicle's centerline.
A setting of zero toe means the wheels are perfectly parallel to the longitudinal axis.
Factors Influencing Toe
As the definition states, the toe angle is influenced by:
- Static Design: How the suspension and steering components are initially assembled.
- Suspension Movement (Kinematics): The designed changes in angle as the suspension compresses or extends.
- Component Flex (Compliance): The amount parts bend or deform under load.
These factors determine the dynamic toe angle of the wheels as the vehicle is driven.
Understanding toe tracking is essential for proper vehicle setup and maintenance, ensuring predictable handling and optimal tire lifespan.
