The fundamental difference between timber framing and wood framing (often referred to as stick framing) lies in the size of the lumber used and the methods employed to join the structural members.
According to the reference, wood framing typically uses lumber like 2×4 or 2×6 boards, which are nailed or screwed together. This is the most common construction method for residential and light commercial buildings today.
On the other hand, the reference states that timber framing uses larger, heavier timbers joined with intricate joints like the mortise and tenon or similar joints. This technique uses substantial wooden posts and beams, forming the primary skeleton of the structure, often leaving these large members exposed as a design feature.
Here's a breakdown of the key distinctions:
- Material Size:
- Wood Framing: Utilizes smaller, standardized dimensional lumber (e.g., 2x4, 2x6, 2x10).
- Timber Framing: Employs much larger timbers (often 6x6, 8x8, 10x10 or even larger).
- Joining Methods:
- Wood Framing: Relies primarily on nails, screws, and metal connectors for fastening members together.
- Timber Framing: Characterized by traditional, interlocking wooden joinery (like mortise and tenon, dovetail, scarf joints), often secured with wooden pegs (trunnels).
- Structural Appearance:
- Wood Framing: The frame is typically covered by sheathing and finishes, hidden within walls and ceilings.
- Timber Framing: The large timber frame members are often left exposed, forming a significant architectural element of the interior space.
- Construction Complexity:
- Wood Framing: Generally requires less specialized skills and tools, allowing for faster assembly.
- Timber Framing: Demands skilled craftspeople and precise cutting for intricate joinery, making it a more labor-intensive process.
In essence, while both methods use wood, wood framing uses smaller pieces connected with modern fasteners, whereas timber framing uses massive beams connected with traditional, interlocking wood joinery, resulting in a distinct aesthetic and structural presence.
