Two important differences between hardwood and softwood lie in their grain structure and hardness.
Hardwoods and softwoods, despite their common names, are categorised based on their botanical classification (angiosperms vs. gymnosperms) rather than just their physical hardness. However, the structural differences resulting from this classification lead to notable distinctions in their properties, as highlighted by sources like duffieldtimber.com.
Key Differences
Here are two important distinctions:
1. Grain Structure
A primary difference lies in the internal structure, specifically the presence of vessels.
- Hardwoods: Possess vessels (pores) within their structure. These are tubes that transport water and nutrients when the tree is alive. The presence of these vessels results in a more heavy, distinctive grain pattern that is often visible and porous.
- Softwoods: Do not have vessels in the same way. Their structure is simpler, primarily consisting of tracheids. This lack of vessels leads to a softer, less pronounced grain that tends to be more uniform in appearance.
2. Hardness and Durability
Generally, hardwoods are tougher than softwoods, influencing their typical uses.
- Hardwoods: Are usually stronger, more scratch resistant, and harder wearing. This durability makes them suitable for applications requiring resilience, such as flooring, furniture, and construction that bears heavy loads.
- Softwoods: Tend to be softer and less dense. While still strong for their weight and widely used in construction (like framing), they are generally less resistant to scratches and wear compared to hardwoods.
While not one of the two highlighted points, the provided reference also mentions a difference in colour, noting that hardwoods tend to be darker, while softwoods are often lighter.
These differences in structure and properties dictate their suitability for various applications in construction, furniture making, and other woodworking projects.
Below is a quick summary of these two points:
| Feature | Hardwood | Softwood |
|---|---|---|
| Grain | Heavy, distinctive; contains vessels | Softer, less pronounced; lacks vessels |
| Hardness | Usually stronger, harder wearing | Generally softer, less scratch resistant |
