Wood finish works by preparing the surface of the wood and then applying protective and aesthetic coatings in multiple layers.
Before the finish is applied, the wood surface is typically prepared. This preparation often involves cleaning and smoothing the wood. Often, the wood's color is changed by staining, bleaching, or any of a number of other techniques.
Once the wood surface is prepared and stained, the finish is applied. The finish is the protective layer (or layers) that shields the wood from moisture, scratches, and wear, while also enhancing its appearance.
Application Process
Applying wood finish is usually a multi-step process to ensure proper adhesion, durability, and a smooth final look.
It usually consists of several coats of material. Applying multiple thin coats is generally more effective than applying one thick coat. This allows each layer to dry properly and build up a strong, even barrier.
Between the application of coats, each coat is typically followed by sanding. Sanding between coats helps to level the finish, remove any imperfections or dust particles that have settled, and provides a smoother surface for the next layer to adhere to.
Types of Wood Finishes
Various materials are used as wood finishes, each offering different properties in terms of durability, appearance, and application. According to common practice, these can include:
- Wax: Provides a soft sheen and some water resistance, but is less durable.
- Shellac: A natural finish that dries quickly and is often used as a sealer.
- Drying Oil: Oils like linseed or tung oil penetrate the wood, enhancing its natural look and providing a subtle, durable finish.
- Lacquer: A fast-drying, durable finish that provides a hard protective layer.
- Varnish: Typically made from resin, solvent, and drying oil, providing a durable and water-resistant coating.
- Paint: Offers opaque color and significant protection against elements.
By preparing the wood, applying successive coats of a chosen finish, and sanding between layers, a durable and attractive surface is created that protects the wood and enhances its natural beauty or provides a desired color and texture.
