Wrist dislocations happen when the carpal bones, specifically the lunate or capitate, are forced out of their normal alignment. This typically occurs due to a significant force applied to the wrist while it's bent backward. The injury results in pain, deformity, and limited range of motion in the wrist and hand.
Mechanisms of Wrist Dislocation
The primary cause is a forceful impact or trauma to the wrist. This can happen in several ways:
- Falls: Landing on an outstretched hand is a common cause. The impact transmits force directly to the wrist, potentially dislocating the carpal bones.
- High-impact injuries: Sports injuries, motor vehicle accidents, or other high-energy traumas can inflict sufficient force to dislocate the wrist.
- Direct blows: A direct blow to the back of the wrist can also cause dislocation.
The backward bending (hyperextension) of the wrist is crucial in most cases. The force of the impact, combined with the unnatural bending of the wrist, overcomes the ligaments and tendons holding the carpal bones in place, leading to dislocation.
Symptoms of a Wrist Dislocation
A dislocated wrist usually presents with:
- Severe pain: Pain is immediate and intense.
- Deformity: The wrist may appear misshapen or bent at an unnatural angle.
- Limited movement: The ability to move the wrist and hand is significantly restricted.
- Swelling: Swelling and bruising are common.
