In writing, "to argue" primarily means to present a case, supported by evidence, reasons, or facts. It can also refer to expressing disagreement or contention in a structured manner.
Based on the provided reference, "argue" has a couple of key meanings relevant to written communication:
- To contend or disagree in words: While often associated with verbal disputes ("They're always arguing about money"), in writing this can mean presenting a counter-argument or expressing a differing viewpoint on a topic.
- To give evidence of; indicate: This meaning is crucial in academic and persuasive writing. It signifies the act of using data, facts, examples, or reasoning to support a claim or position.
Understanding "Argue" in Written Contexts
When you are asked to "argue" in writing, particularly in academic essays, articles, or reports, it usually doesn't mean having an angry dispute. Instead, it means developing a well-supported position or thesis on a topic.
Presenting Evidence and Reasons
This aligns with the definition "to give evidence of; indicate." In writing, arguing involves:
- Stating a Claim: Clearly presenting your main point or thesis.
- Providing Support: Backing up your claim with relevant evidence. This evidence can take many forms:
- Facts and statistics
- Examples and anecdotes
- Expert opinions or testimony
- Logical reasoning and analysis
Think of it as building a case in court. You present your argument (your claim) and then offer evidence (facts, witnesses, etc.) to convince the jury (your reader) that your argument is valid.
Examples of Arguing with Evidence:
- An essay arguing that climate change is human-caused would indicate this by presenting scientific data on rising CO2 levels and their correlation with industrial activity.
- A review arguing that a book is poorly written would give evidence of this by citing specific passages demonstrating weak prose or plot holes.
Contending or Disagreeing
While less common as the primary meaning in assignment prompts, arguing can also involve presenting opposing viewpoints or engaging with existing debates.
- Acknowledging Counterarguments: Addressing objections or alternative perspectives to your own position.
- Refuting Counterarguments: Explaining why opposing viewpoints are less convincing or incorrect, often using evidence to support your refutation.
- Presenting Different Sides: In some analytical or argumentative writing, you might present arguments for and against a proposition, exploring the contention between different ideas.
This usage connects to the "to contend or disagree in words" definition, applying it to the structured presentation and analysis of differing ideas on paper.
Key Differences: Verbal vs. Written Argument
| Feature | Verbal Argument | Written Argument |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Goal | Often to win or express emotion | To persuade or inform with logic |
| Structure | Can be spontaneous, emotional | Structured, logical flow |
| Evidence Use | Can be anecdotal, less formal | Typically requires formal, cited sources |
| Tone | Can be heated, informal | Usually formal, objective |
In summary, arguing in writing means constructing a reasoned case for your position, supported by credible evidence and analysis, rather than merely expressing an opinion or engaging in a verbal dispute. It's about using your writing to "give evidence of" your perspective's validity.
